An important resource for plants; required to begin secondary succession
The scientific investigation and analysis of interactions, organisms, populations, and communities; and their response to external factors in their environment.
Organisms that break down nitrogen-containing waste and remains, returning nitrogen to the soil
A factor in an ecosystem that has never been living
An interaction between organisms or species in which both the organisms are harmed; both species require the same resources
A microscopic organism, which may exist in its single-celled or multicellular form.
The process by which organisms produce carbon dioxide
A trait of a healthy ecosystem; is able to recover from change
Branch of biotechnology that employs the use of living organisms, like microbes and bacteria, in the removal of contaminants, pollutants, and toxins from soil, water, and other environments.
The process by which pollutants become concentrated in the bodies of top predators in an ecosystem
The first species to inhabit an ecosystem where there were previously no living things
A relationship where one species benefits and the other is unaffected
Primary succession usually begins with this type of organism
What we would call a factor that prevents a population from increasing
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A role that an organism plays in an ecosystem
All of the organisms of one species in an area