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Fluids and Electrolytes Part 1

Horizontales
Abnormal increase in the volume in the bloodstream
____overhydration-An excess of fluid and sodium usually caused by excessive sodium intake-Cushings!
O2, fluids, meds to improve myocardial perfusion, hemodynamic monitoring
Low BP, high HR, weak pulse, inc RR, dry mucus membranes, decreased neck veins
____dehydration- more water than sodium is lost- anorexia, DKA
____dehydration- most common, caused by decrease in plasma volume- hemorrhage, diarrhea, vomiting
Verticales
____overhydration-An excess of water causing a dilutional deficiency of sodium and other electrolytes- liver failure and SIADH
There is an excess of water in ECF
Caused by severe fluid overload-tachycardia, JVD, SOB, crackles, cough
____dehydration- more sodium than water is lost- d/t excessive sodium loss
Inc Hct, inc BUN, and inc in specific gravity
Inc pulse, temp, inc BP, edema, crackles, SOB
____hypervolemia- excess of water and sodium, little or no change in concentration of electrolytes- HF, renal failure, chronic corticosteroid use