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GROUP 9

   
Horizontales
Leads to chromatin condensation; promotes transcriptional repression
Most interactions between transcription factors and DNA occur in the ___ groove because there are more hydrogen bond donors and acceptors here
In eukaryotes, this part of the ribosome is responsible for codon recognition and mRNA binding (2 words)
A group of operons with a common regulator
Also called melting; the disruption of the hydrogen bonds between two strands of DNA, resulting in two single strands
Adenine and guanine
The amino acid encoded by UGU and UGC
Separation of molecules in electric current
A sequence of nucleotide triplets between start and stop codons
Can pair with A,U or C at the RNA wobble position
Using different combinations of a limited set of transcription factors to differently regulate many genes (2 words)
Amino acid encoded by GAU and GAC
Core RNA polymerase associated with sigma factor that can bind DNA with high affinity and specificity
When tryptophan concentration is ___, RNA polymerase can outpace the ribosome. This results in exposure of sequence 2 when sequence 3 is transcribed, so 2+3 base pair to prevent 3+4 terminator function
Hexametric ATPase that separates DNA Strands
cAMP binds to PKA regulatory subunit to make active PKA catalytic subunits, which binds to _____ protein
Amino acid encoded by AUA, AUU, AUC
Partners Khorana and Ochoa cracked the genetic code
A functional complex of clustered genes that encode enzymes of a metabolic pathway on a chromosome
A protein which “turns off” the expression of one or more certain genes by preventing the binding of RNA polymerase
DNA polymerase from a bacterium in hot springs that is thermostable
Regulatory sites for eukaryotic genes that are thousands of base pairs away from core promoter, upstream or downstream of ORF
Verticales
A non-protein-coding sequence that intervenes between protein-coding sequences
Type of mutation where a nucleotide change produces a codon for a different amino acid
Scientist who invented sequencing through enzymatic synthesis of a complementary DNA strand to the one to be analyzed; also name of sequencing
If Cro wins, it leads to this pathway that results in cell death
Name of Repressor which binds promoter in response to widespread DNA damage
Joining of DNA molecules
Refers to the different ways of assembling exons. This explains why the number of known human proteins greatly exceeds the number of genes (2 words)
This is one stop codon, in addition to UGA and UAG
Group of genes that encode enzymes for tryptophan; regulated by the trp repressor; group of genes is expressed when tryptophan levels are low and repressed when they are high (2 words)
Small molecule or protein that binds an activator or repressor and causes a conformational change that increases or decreases its function
If CI wins, it leads to this pathway where the cell is not killed
The bond linking two nucleotides in a DNA or RNA polymer
Chemical used in experiments to see if the lac genes are on or not; turned blue in presence of B-gal
Phosphodiester reactions are catalyzed by this complex of 5 snRNPs, snRNAs, and other proteins
Eukaryotes have these instead of sigma factors, and they are functionally analogous to sigma factors because they help the polymerase recognize and bind to where the transcription should start
Made up of rRNA and proteins; used in translation; In eukaryotes it is made of 40S and 60S subunits
Sugar and base (with no phosphate)
These bonds between bases hold two DNA strands together; there are three of these bonds between G and C
A bacterial group of genes with a single promoter that encode proteins that allow the bacteria to use lactose as an energy source (2 words)
Once a signal ____ binds to a transmembrane receptor, the receptor can recruit a G protein
Sequence of three nucleotides that corresponds with a specific amino acid or stop signal during translation
_____-galactosidase is made by the lacZ gene and will turn x-gal blue