In the ____ effect, a neutral stimulus fails to become a CS because, when it was paired with the US, it was presented alongside another stimulus that was already associated with the US
In ____ conditioning, the CS is presented before the US, but the CS remains present after the US appears (i.e., the CS and US "overlap")
An intense, persistent sexual interest that is considered abnormal and may be dysfunctional (such as voyeurism or sadism)
In ____ conditioning, a neutral stimulus is paired with a US that the subject already likes or dislikes. (Often used in advertising to instill more favorable attitudes toward a product.)
A term coined by Mary Cover Jones to describe the use of Pavlovian conditioning to reverse the unwanted effects of previous conditioning
A phenomenon in which pigeons will tend to peck at an object that is associated with food even though pecking is not required for the food to appear
The conditioned stimulus is initially "____," meaning that it does not naturally evoke a response
A phenomenon in which a neutral stimulus does not become a CS because, when it was paired with the US, it was presented alongside another, more intense stimulus
When the response to the CS is the opposite of the response to the US, the conditioned response is said to be "____"
An approach to phobia treatment that involves exposing the patient directly (rather than gradually) to the phobic object
A phenomenon in which previous exposure to a neutral stimulus can prevent that stimulus from eliciting a CR when it is later paired with a US. (Also known as the "CS pre-exposure effect.")
Verticales
An approach to phobia treatment that begins by exposing the patient to a mildly feared item and gradually progresses to more strongly feared items. (Similar to, but distinct from, systematic desensitization.)
Last name of the Russian physiologist who discovered classical conditioning in dogs
Last name of the American psychologist who (with Rosalie Rayner) classically conditioned an infant boy named "Albert" to fear a white rat
During the ____ phase of a classical conditioning procedure, the CS is presented alone (without the US)
In ____ conditioning, the CS and US are presented at the same time
In ____ conditioning, the US is presented before the CS
If two or more stimuli are presented simultaneously, then they form what we would call a "____" stimulus
According to ____ theory, the CR prepares the organism for the occurrence of the US
If the occurrence of the CS means that the US is now more likely to occur, then we would say there is a "____" between the CS and US
The time between the appearance of the CS an the appearance of the US is called the ____ interval
During the ____ phase of a classical conditioning procedure, the CS is paired with the US
In ____ conditioning, the CS appears and disappears before the US appears
In ____ therapy, a particular stimulus (such as alcohol) is paired with an aversive US (such as a nausea-inducing drug)
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