The type of communication with oneself using internal vocalization or reflective thinking; it occurs only inside our heads.
This context includes various aspects of identities such as race, gender, nationality, ethnicity, sexual orientation, class, and ability.
Refers to noise that occurs in the encoding and decoding process when participants do not understand a symbol.
Seeks compliance by calling in past favors and indicating that one person “owes” the other.
Seeks compliance in a negative way, by threatening negative consequences such as loss of privileges, grounding, or legal action.
Refers to the stated rules or unstated norms that guide communication (Two Words).
The process of turning communication into thoughts.
This model describes communication as a process in which participants alternate positions as sender and receiver and generate meaning by sending messages and receiving feedback within physical and psychological contexts.
This context includes the previous interpersonal history and type of relationship we have with a person.
The type of communication between people whose lives mutually influence one another. Interpersonal communication builds, maintains, and ends our relationships.
Any physical noise present in a communication encounter.
This model describes communication as a linear, one-way process in which a sender intentionally transmits a message to a receiver.
The verbal or nonverbal content being conveyed from sender to receiver.
The process of turning thoughts into communication.
Includes messages sent in response to other messages.
These needs include needs that keep our bodies and minds functioning.
This type of communication is scripted and includes routine verbal interactions that are intended to establish social bonds rather than actually exchange meaning.