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Definition Game

Horizontales
A study where the conditions of the independent variable are directly controlled by the researcher. It provides the strongest evidence of a cause-and-effect relationship and uses a random assignment method.
A teacher wants to practice a new method of teaching decimals to 5th grade students, comparing the methods between two different classes of 5th grade students. One class is a control group and the other is the treatment group, but the classes of students are not randomly assigned. What type of study is this an example of?
The variable that is manipulated and is the cause of the changes in the dependent variable. It is often called the “predictor variable.”
After buying a car, the dealership asks customers to anonymously report their satisfaction/how satisfied they are with their car. The dealership then looks at the relationship between two variables - how much their car was worth and how happy they are with it. What type of study is this an example of?
Creating a sample of a population by drawing names from a hat or flipping a coin would be an example of which sampling method?
Some researchers claim the Bermuda triangle is somewhere where unexplained events occur like disappearances of ships and airplanes. Their research can not be duplicated and appear to have scientific components, but when closer inspected misses some elements of the scientific process. This is an example of which kind of science?
The entire pool from which a statistical sample is drawn. This pool is what the researchers are interested in learning more about.
Evidence that one variable is directly affected by another, found through experimentation. Furthermore, one variable is manipulated by the researcher.
Creating a sample of students by grouping them into their grade levels, and then choosing an equal amount from each group would be an example of which sampling method?
A professor is conducting a caffeine study to see if caffeine can cause his students to be more focused and energized on tests. The professor splits his class in half and gives half the class caffeine before the test and the other half didn’t take any caffeine. The professor found that the students that took caffeine did better on the test. The caffeine can’t be said to have caused the students to do better on the test because of other factors such as how prepared they were and if they were able to get good sleep the night before. What sort of variable may undermine the correlation between test performance and caffeine.
The variable that is expected to change due to the independent variable. It is often called the “outcome variable,” and it is not manipulated.
Verticales
Is accurately measured, invites criticism, verifiable results, limits claims of usefulness, willingness to change with new evidence, ruthless peer review, takes account of all new discoveries, describes key features of what kind of science?
A smaller, more manageable version of a larger population with similar characteristics. It is representative of the entire population and gives each “thing” an equal chance of being chosen for participation in the study.
When a scientist passively observes the study and they look for and identify patterns of a relationship, however, they usually can't infer what causes what in the experiment. Furthermore, with correlation research, the scientist can only observe two variables at a time