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Chapter 9 Crossword

Horizontales
These disorders are relateds tp physical changes to the larynx can result from aging or structural abnormalities
Small wart-like growths of the vocal folds and interior of the larynx
These types of polyps appear to be attached by means of a stalk
This has been linked to cigarette smoking and excessive use of alcohol, although there are additional risk factors. One of the early signs is persistent hoarseness in the absence of colds or allergies.
Speech is produced with the esophagus as a vibratory source
This remains open most of the time to allow for nasal breathing and for nasal consonants but must achieve complete or nearly complete closure for production of oral speech sounds
Results from degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra, interfering with the function of the basal ganglia
A voice disorder characterized by perceptual changes in pitch, pitch range, loudness, and voice quality in the voice of older individuals.
Small, reddened ulcerations on the posterior surface of the vocal folds in the region of the arytenoid cartilages
A resonance disorder may develop when there is a blockage in the nasopharynx that impedes sound energy from traveling through the nose for production of nasal sounds
Normal ________ is largely determined by the velopharyngeal structures and the adequacy of their function
When the velopharyngeal mechanism fails to decouple the oral and nasal cavities
Verticales
Fluid filled lesions that develop when blood vessels rupture and swell
Localized growths resulting from frequent, hard vocal fold collisions. Generally bilateral, occurring at the juncture of the anterior one-third and posterior two-thirds of the vocal folds
Also known as puberphonia
ThePerceptual correlate of F0 associated with rate of vocal fold vibration, measured in ______.
Producing speech without a larynx
Result of not varying habitual speaking frequency