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Cranial Nerves-Vanessa S.

Horizontales
, Arise from retinas; really a brain tract, pass through optic canals, coverage, and partially cross over at optic chiasma, and purely sensory(visual) function(II)
Fibers from medulla exit skull via hypoglossal canal, innervate extrinsic and intrinsicmuscles of tongue that contribute to swallowing and speech(XII)
Afferent fibers from hearing receptors(cochlear division) and equilibrium receptor(vestibular division) pass from inner ear through internal acoustic meatuses and enter brain sten at pons-medulla border, mostly sensory functions; small motor component for adjustment of sensitivity of receptors, formerly known as auditory nerve(VIII)
fibers from inferior pons enter orbits via superior orbital fissures, primarily a motor, innervating lateral rectus muscle(VI)
Largest cranial nerves; fibers extend from pons to face, has 3 divisions[ophthalmic, maxillary and mandibular], converts sensory impulses from various areas of face(V1 & V2), supply motor fibers(V3) for mastication, and transmit afferent impulses from touch, temp and pain receptors(V)
Fibers from dorsal midbrain enter orbits via superior orbital fissures to innervate superior oblique muscle, primarily motor nerve that directs eyeballs(IV)
Verticales
Responsible for the sense of smell, run from the nasal mucosa to olfactory bulbs, Pathway terminates in the primary olfactory cortex, purely sensory(smell) function(I)
Fibers extend from the midbrain through superior orbital fissures to 4-6 extrinsic eye muscles, function: raising eyelid, directing eyeball, constricting iris(parasympathetic), and controlling lens(III)
Formed from ventral rootlets from C1 to C5 region of spinal cord(not brain), rootlets pass into cranium via each foramen magnum, these nerves also exit skull via jugular foramina to inntervate trapezius and sternocleidomastoid muscles, formerly known as spinal accessory nerve(XI)
Fibers from medulla leave skull via jugular foramen and run to throat, motor function: innervate part of tongue and pharynx for swallowing and provide parasympathetic fibers to parotid silvary glands, sensory function: fibers conduct taste and general sensory impulses from pharynx and posterior tongue, and impulses from carotid chemoreceptors and baroreceptors(IX)
only cranial nerves that extend beyond head and neck region, fibers from medulla exit via jugular foramen, most motor fibers are parasympathetic fibers that help regulate activities of heart, lungs and abdominal viscera, baroreceptors, chemoreceptors, and taste buds of posterior tongue of pharynx.(X)
Fibers from pons trafel through internal acoustic meatuses and emerge through stylomastoid foramina to lateral aspect of face, also the chief motor nerves of face w/ five major branches, motor functions include: facial expression, parasympathetic impulses to lacrimal and salivary glands, sensory function(taste) from anterior 2/3 of tongue(VII)