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Research Methods

Michelle Ganopolskiy, Josh Klicka, Venus Olenchak and Cole Hendrickson
Horizontales
Definition: Part of the population that is taken out to examine and draw conclusions from. Example: A school is wondering if eating breakfast has an impact on students' performance in school. The administration decides to test this out on its student body. They randomly select a group of students to provide breakfast to every morning for a semester to see if the students' grades would be affected. In this example what does the random group of students represent?
Type of non experimental research in which the researcher measures two variables and assesses the statistical relationship between them.
statements, beliefs and practices that are personal claims and are characterized by contradictory or exaggerated claims that rely on bias and have the absence of systematic practices. Examples of this include Astrology and Creationism.
When a population is divided into groups called strata by a specific characteristic. A SRS is then taken of each group and the individuals. From each stratum chosen through the SRS is added into one group to create this sample.
Try to solve and show causality by taking your group you have and randomly assigning to a control group or a treatment group to distribute the confounding variables. Example: You could do a study to look at whether sleep deprivation affects the performance on a drivers test.
Each individual is chosen by chance from the larger population and each member of the population has an equal chance of being chosen for the sample. Example : Out of a group of 100 students each one has the same chance of being selected for the experiment.
Definition: a group of things that information is wanted from. Example: A school is wondering if eating breakfast has an impact on students' performance in school. The administration decides to test this out on its student body. They randomly select a group of students to provide breakfast to every morning for a semester to see if the students' grades would be affected. In this example what would the school's student body represent?
The measurement you observe and collect data for after the experiment. Example: In a study looking at how tutoring impacts test scores, the variable would be the participants’ test scores, since that is what is being measured.
Verticales
The intellectual and practical activity encompassing the systematic study of the world through observation and experiment.
the association between two variables.
This indicates that one event is the result of the occurrence of the other event.
A variable that influences both the dependent and independent variable. Example: measuring happiness between married couples and single people, the confounding variable in this is that their happiness comes from something else that potentially could be unrelated to their relationship.
A study used to estimate the causal impact of an intervention on target population without random assignment, participants are not blind. Rely on existing group members and you can't guarantee that groups will be equivalent at baseline.
A variable that stands alone and isn't changed by other variables. Researchers have the ability to intentionally manipulate this variable. Example: In a study looking at how tutoring impacts test scores, the variable would be the amount of tutoring the participant receives.