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Forensic Genetics by Raz

Chihuahua 2020
Horizontales
having two copies of each autosome; the normal constitution of most mammalian somatic cells
multiple copies of an identical (or similar) DNA sequence arranged in direct succession where the repeat sequence unit is 2 bp to 6 bp in length; because STRs generally occur in the “junk” DNA outside of the constraints of genes, the number of repeat units can vary between individuals in an accordion-like fashion
relative fluorescence units
Combined DNA Index System, which under the direction of the FBI Laboratory, is the software architecture that runs the U.S. national DNA database
a technique in which molecules are separated by their velocity in an electric field
Method used for determining the quantity of DNA template present in a sample through measuring the point at which samples cross a detection threshold relative to a set of standard samples
as related to PCR, any substance that interferes with or prevents the synthesis of DNA during the amplification process
the genetic makeup of an organism, as characterized by its physical appearance or phenotype; with STR DNA testing, a lcous genotype generally consists of two alleles, inherited from one’s mother and father
a unique physical location of a gene (or a specific sequence of DNA) on a chromosome
Verticales
The formal process by which a laboratory is evaluated, with respect to established criteria, for its competence to perform a specified kind of measurement; the evaluation takes place through an audit by an outside, qualified agency and helps provides confidence that the laboratory meets minimum professional standards for general operations
any inheritable change in DNA sequence; an alteration or change of an allele at a genetic locus resulting in genetic inconsistency between a biological parent and offspring
10-12 grams (a trillionth of a gram); there are approximately 6 pg of DNA in a single human cell
a gene or specific DNA sequence of known location on a chromosome; used as a point of reference in the mapping of other loci
segment of a gene that is represented in the final mRNA product
non-coding DNA, which separates neighboring exons in a gene; intron sequences are removed during transcription (the creation of mRNA) so that only exons contribute to gene expression
an artifact that may occur during analysis of fluorescently labeled DNA fragments when signal from one dye color channel produces artificial peaks in another, usually adjacent color, at a similar position on the horizontal axis in an electropherogram