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The Early Middle Ages 1

Horizontales
A ____ is a piece of land given to a knight by their lord to pay for their military service.
A large estate owned by a knight or lord that produced most of the food and goods needed there is called a ____.
These people were sent by the pope to spread the religion of Christianity to northern Europe.
Monks lived by strict rules in a building called a _____; from here is where they reached out to help people in the rural communities and teach them about Christianity.
A ____ was a worker who was tied to the land on which they lived; they worked on the lords' fields and also were protected by the lord.
This is another name for the Middle Ages, _____ period comes from the Latin words for "Middle age"
The Benedictine Rule was created by ____. It included orders about guidelines the monks needed to follow in the monastery.
To defend their lands, many lords built _____; these were large buildings with strong walls that can easily be defended against attacks.
The most frightening invaders from Scandinavia in far northern Europe were the _____, the Europeans lived in terror of their savage raids. They were known for the great ships they brought up rivers to attack inland cities as well as those by the coasts.
Population increased due to more food being available; the technology that helped farmers produce better harvests was a heavier ____that could dig deeper and help plants grow better.
Verticales
The system of promises that governed the relationships between lords and vassals was called ____.
William the ____ was the duke of Normandy that conquered England in the Battle of Hastings and made himself the new king of England.
____ were people on the bottom of the feudal society. They were farmers that worked to harvest wheat to pay the knights for the use of their land.
In addition to expanding his empire in the land area that is now known as France, ____ also brought scholars to the schools he built all across Europe.
This time period falls between ancient times and modern times, it lasted from about 500 to about 1500.
____ armies poured into southern France and northern Italy to attack settlements there.
These were religious men who lived apart from society in isolated communities praying and meditating.
____were vassals of kings and queens; many were also lords of lower-ranking nobles and knights.
As ____ increased the population grew. Peasants left the farms in hopes of making money in the city buying and selling things.
_____ were armored warriors who fought on horseback to defend land for the nobles.
_____ was a monk that taught the people of Ireland about Christianity, he traveled alone to do this, he was not sent by the pope.
Fierce warriors called the _____ swept into Europe from the east, attacking towns and destroying fields.
A knight who promised to support a lord in exchange for land was called a _____; they swore to always remain loyal to their lord.