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Midterm review

Horizontales
Which of the following methods used to enumerate cells often requires specialized staining to observe non-pigmented bacteria?
Diptheria toxin is a: ________ ________ .
Which of the following are the hosts for most enveloped viruses?
Turbidity measurements are commonly utilized for monitoring
The function of a kinase is ________ .
A key concept in evolution is that all mutations are
Which is an example of a micronutrient?
Normal microbiota helps to ________ colonization of pathogenic organisms.
When more than one operon is under the control of a single regulatory protein, the operons are collectively called a(n) ________ .
________ is a damage or injury to a host organism that impairs its function.
Two separate photosystems involved in electron flow is a hallmark of: ________ ________ .
Two organisms that both benefit from each other are in a symbiotic relationship called:
Louis Pasteur's most famous success was his work on
The person who described the "wee animalcules" was
What metabolism would be favored when there is a lack of electron acceptors?
One widely used method of examining evolutionary relationships is ________, which is based on the assumption that evolution is most likely to have proceeded by the path requiring fewest.
A ________ is a counting chamber which consists of a grid with 25 squares of known area which are etched onto the surface of the glass. When a coverslip is placed over top, each square has precise volume. This can be used for total cell counts.
Verticales
Staphylococcus aureus produces ________, leading to fibrin clots that protect them from attack by host cells.
Bacteria stain as gram-positive or gram-negative because of differences in the cell________ .
The cell wall of a Gram-positive bacterium is composed of a thick ________ layer.
The energy source derived from the charge separation across the cytoplasmic membrane is referred to as
Optical density and viable cell concentration are LEAST proportional to each other during the
The time interval required for the formation of two cells from one is called the________ ________ .
Viral replication occurs:
Approximately two billion years ago, ________ were primarily responsible for initially oxygenating Earth
Enzyme induction occurs when substrate is ________ .
Phosphorylation of ________ regulates which direction a flagellum rotates, thus controlling whether an organism runs or tumbles.
A medium containing known substances in precise amounts is known as a ________ media.
In aerobic respiration, the final electron acceptor is
Who was the first researcher to provide direct experimental data that supported the germ theory to explain infectious disease?