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Chap 15 part 1

Horizontales
Performs maintenance activities and conserves body energy
Neurotransmitter action on effector Autonomic: Excitatory or inhibitory Somatic: Always excitatory
Maintains smooth muscle tone in intestines Holds resting heart rate down to about 70 to 80 beats per minute
Sympathetic fibers _________ NE(adrenergic fibers)
PD: Stimulates saliva production SD: inhibits saliva production
Autonomic: Preganglionic neuron always releases Ach, which binds to receptors on postganglionic neuron Postganglionic neuron will release Ach or NE from axonal terminals and bind to receptors on the effector Sympathetic:NE Parasympathetic: Ach Somatic: Ach release from axonal terminal and binds to motor and plate
Autonomic: Epinephrine(Epi), Norepinephrine(NE), Acetylcholine (Ach) Somatic: Acetylcholine (Ach)
Only sympathetic: Stimulates epinephrine
Only sympathetic: Stimulates glucose release
Parasympathetic fiibers secrete ___ (cholinergic)
Keeps most blood vessels partially constricted and maintains blood pressure
Autonomic: 2: sympathetic and parasympathetic Somatic: N/A
Parasympathetic: Stimulates Urination Sympathetic: Inhibits urination
Verticales
Autonomic: Involuntary: smooth and cardiac muscle, glands (viscera) Somatic: Voluntary: skeletal muscle
Ach _________ to choinergic receptors and NE binds to adrenergic receptors 2 classes of receptors for Ach and 2 classes of receptors for NE
Parasympathetic: Stimulates insulin secretion Sympathetic: Inhibits insulin secretion
Autonomic neurons ________ contrasting effects on organs
sympathetic stimulation causes inhibition of gastrointestinal secretion and motor activity, and contraction of gastrointestinal sphincters and blood vessels. parasympathetic stimuli typically stimulate these digestive activities.
PD: Slows cardiac SD: Accelerates cardiac
Autonomic: Preganglionic(first) neuron exits CNS Postganglionic neuron extends to the effector Somatic: One motor neuron exits CNS and extends to the effector
PD: Constricts pupil SD: Dilates pupil
Autonomic: 2 motor neuron chain: a preganglionic and postganglionic neuron Somatic: 1 motor neuron
Mobilizes the body during extreme situations
Normal background rate of activity that represents the balance of the two systems according to the body's needs
Receptors on ____________ vary -____________ can respond differently to the same neurotransmitter depending on the type of receptor they have
Parasympathetic: Promotes erection of genitals Sympathetic: Promotes ejaculation and vaginal contractions
PD: Constricts bronchi SD: Dilates bronchi