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Chapter 16 part 3

Horizontales
_______________ of eyes orient their visual axis toward object
Retina converts light energy into ______________
Dilation of pupils occurs -in the dark, rhodospin of rods is regenerated -In 1 to 2 minutes, night(scotopic) vision begins to function -After 20 to 30 minutes, amount of regenerated rhodospin is sufficient for eyes to reach maximum sensitivity
_______________ of lens Changes in the curvature of the lens that enables you to focus on nearby objects -Ciliary muscle contracts>>>suspensory ligaments slacken>>>lens bulges and becomes more convex(thicker) -light refracted more strongly and focused on retina
Rods and cones- absorb light and generate a chemical or electrical signal
Dendrites synapse with rods/cones and axons synapse with ganglion cells>>>serve as a bridge from photoreceptors to ganglion cells
Pupil constriction reduces light intensity(and any discomfort that may accompany sudden brightness) -Color vision and acuity below normal for 5 to 10 min -Time needed for pigment bleaching to adjust retinal sensitivity to high light intensity -Rods quickly bleach and become nonfunctional; cones take over
Verticales
Day vision color vision visual pigment=photopsin Fovea contains only 4,000 cone cells, on neuronal convergence>>> Each foveal cone cell has "private" to brain -high resolution color vision
Of retina (form rear forward) Photoreceptor cells(rods and cones), bipolar cells, ganglion cells
largest neurons in the retina -arranged in a single layer next to the vitreous body -axons form optic nerve (CN 2)
Most posterior part of retina. Absorbs stray light so visual image is not degraded
_______________ of pupil Blocks peripheral light rays and reduces spherical aberration (blurry edges)
Night vision Monochromatic(gray) vision visual pigment=rhodopsin External neuronal convergence- 600 rods converge on one bipolar cell Motion detection and peripheral vision -low resolution system only -Cannot resolve finely detailed images