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Thermodynamics Terms

Horizontales
Any push or pull exerted on an object
Device used to measure the heat of reaction from a combustion reaction
Can exchange energy, but not matter, with the surroundings
The reactants and products in a chemical reaction
The entropy of a pure crystalline solid at 0 K is zero
The amount of heat required to raise an object's temperature by 1 K
The capacity to do work or transfer heat
The energy an object possesses due to its position relative to other objects
The enthalpy change when all reactants and products are at 1 atm pressure and a specific temperature, usually 298 K
The change in entropy of the universe is equal to the sum of the change in entropy of the system plus the change in entropy of the surroundings; An irreversible process results in an increase in total entropy, and a reversible process results in no change in overall entropy
Motion in which the molecule spins about an axis
The enthalpy change for the reaction in which a substance is formed from its constituent elements
H-TS; the sign of this value provides information about the spontaneity of processes at constant temperature and pressure
The energy expended to move an object against a force
The entropy of a mole of a substance under standard conditions
Verticales
The change in internal energy of a system is the sum of the heat transferred into or out of a system and the work done on or by the system
The quantity of energy needed to increase the temperature of 1 g of water to 1 degree Celsius
E+PV
If a reaction is carried out in a series of steps, the total change in enthalpy is equal to the sum of the enthalpy changes of the individual steps
The transformation of energy (especially heat) during chemical reactions
The energy used to cause the temperature of an object to increase, transferred from a hotter object to a colder one
Everything outside the system
The extent of "randomness" in a system, or the extent to which energy is distributed among the various motions of the molecules of the system
The SI unit of energy