an agreement between Pope Calixtus II and Holy Roman Emperor Henry V on September 23, 1122, near the city of Worms. Church and Emperor work together.
a person regarded as having a mutual obligation to a lord or monarch, in the context of the feudal system in medieval Europe
Norse seafarers, mainly speaking the Old Norse language, who raided and traded from their Northern European homelands across wide areas of northern, central and eastern Europe, during the late 8th to late 11th centuries
A system of government in which one person reigns, usually a king or queen
medieval king of England, signed the Magna Carta
a series of conflicts waged from 1337 to 1453 by the House of Plantagenet, rulers of the Kingdom of England, against the House of Valois, rulers of the Kingdom of France, over the succession to the French throne
disastrous mortal disease known as the Black Death spread across Europe in the years 1346-53
established for the first time the principle that everybody, including the king, was subject to the law
King of England from 1483 until his death in 1485, at the age of 32, in the Battle of Bosworth Field.
the language or dialect spoken by the ordinary people in a particular country or region
a series of religious wars between Christians and Muslims started primarily to secure control of holy sites considered sacred by both groups
King of the Franks from 768, King of the Lombards from 774 and Emperor of the Romans from 800. He united much of Europe during the early Middle Ages.
a series of campaigns by Christian states to recapture territory from the Muslims (Moors), who had occupied most of the Iberian Peninsula in the early 8th century.
a combination of legal and military customs in medieval Europe that flourished between the 9th and 15th centuries
relating to the Middle Ages; very old-fashioned or primitive
an association of artisans or merchants who oversee the practice of their craft in a particular town.
an estate of land, especially one held on condition of feudal service