the attribution of human characteristics or qualities to
something non-human, like an animal, object, or abstract
idea, to make it seem more relatable or vivid
Word choice, or the specific language an author, narrator,
or speaker uses to describe events and interact with other
characters.
a story that an author encloses around the central
narrative in order to provide background information and
context.
The primary character in a text, often positioned as good
or the character with whom readers are expected to
identify.
exaggerated language, description, or speech that is not
meant to be taken literally, but is used for emphasis.
the literal, dictionary definition of a word, devoid of any
emotional or cultural associations
a figure of speech where a speaker directly addresses an
absent person, a personified object, or an abstract
concept, as if they were present and capable of
understanding.
When a text references, incorporates, or responds to an
earlier piece (including literature, art, music, film, event,
etc).
The height of conflict and intrigue in a narrative.
a figure of speech that compares two people, objects,
elements, or concepts using like or as.