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ABOUT SOILS

Horizontales
Formed from organisms, plant and animal residues in decomposition
Corresponds to minerals that are smaller than 2 µm
It is given by the volume of empty spaces between the solid particles of the soil. The pores are never empty, because they are either occupied by water or by air. In a waterlogged soil, practically all the pores are occupied by water, in a moist soil, they will be occupied partly by water and partly by air, and in dry soils, all will be occupied by air
Earthen structures dug into the ground and formed by trenches and walls that represent geometric figures of different shapes
Mutualistic associations between fungi and algae
It occurs when there is a disintegration or breakage of rock particles
It is a vertical section that starts at the soil surface and ends at the parent rock, and may be made up of one or more horizons SOIL
Soil of anthropic origin, regional name in the Amazon for soils that have dark surface horizons
Horizon that can be considered a transition between horizons A and B and the parent rock
Relatively permanent erosive features on slopes, with steep side walls and generally a flat bottom, where water may flow inside them during the rainy season.
They have an intermediate grain size between sand and clay, which we call silt
These are small spaces formed in the soil matrix, generally occupied by water, and are responsible for storing most of the water available to plants.
Verticales
Formations made up mainly of mollusc shells, formed over thousands of years by populations that inhabited coastal regions
Young soils that have the lowest degree of pedogenetic development, few depths
Process that occurs especially through the action of water, such as precipitation, and is common in areas with hot and humid climates
Horizon formed by organic matter in the process of decomposition, which is why it is dark in color
Human-modified soil
Process of origin or formation of soils
The most superficial layer where the action of the climate and the accumulation of organic matter is higher
These are the larger spaces formed in the soil matrix, where the free movement of air and drainage water occurs
Invented by the Aztecs, it is a technique used in Aztec agriculture that is based on artificial islands built of interwoven wood and filled with earth and organic materials
It has a light and granular texture, being composed, to a large extent, of sand and, to a lesser extent, of clay
It is a mineral and subsurface horizon that is below the O or A horizon
They are mineral soils, usually deep, and with little differentiation between horizons and color