Parte semicircular situada en la cabecera de una iglesia, destinada a albergar el altar mayor. A menudo decorado con frescos y mosaicos con escenas religiosas como el Pantocrátor.
Sistema político y social de la Edad Media basado en relaciones de vasallaje entre nobles y campesinos, que influyó en la construcción de iglesias y castillos.
Estilo artístico caracterizado por la rigidez, falta de naturalidad y marcada expresividad solemne, utilizado en el románico para transmitir autoridad y ausencia de rasgos emocionales o humanidad. Las figuras aparecen con postura frontal, sin movimiento ni dinamismo.
Red de rutas de peregrinación que convergen en la catedral de ________. Durante la Edad Media esta peregrinación tuvo una enorme importancia religiosa y cultural, atrayendo a files de toda Europa, lo que impulsó el desarrollo del románico con la construcción de iglesias y monasterios.
Elemento arquitectónico saliente, construido en los muros exteriores para reforzar la estructura y soportar el empuje de las bóvedas de cañón, haciendo aumentar la resistencia de los muros sin necesidad de ensanchar su grosor.
Nave transversal que cruza perpendicularmente la nave principal de una iglesia, formando una planta en forma de cruz. Su función principal es ampliar el espacio del templo y mejorar la distribución de fieles y clero durante las ceremonias. Suele estar rematado por un cimborrio.
Pilares verticales situados a ambos lados de las puertas en la arquitectura románica. Suelen estar decoradas con esculturas integradas (no independientes) de apóstoles, santos o simbología religiosa.
Verticales
Conjunto de edificios donde vive y trabaja una comunidad religiosa, y que funcionan como centros espirituales y lugares clave para la conservación del conocimiento.
Elemento arquitectónico formado por la alineación de arcos de medio punto, que cubre las naves de los edificios románicos.
Arcos concéntricos que enmarcan el tímpano de las portadas románicas y se apoyan sobre jambas. Su función es estructural, reforzando la entrada, y están decoradas con motivos geométricos, vegetales, o simbología bíblica.
Representación simbólica de los cuatro evangelistas, asociados con un símbolo: San Marcos, el león; San Lucas, el toro; San Juan, el águila y San Mateo, el ángel.
Espacio longitudinal de una iglesia, donde se congregan los fieles. Suele haber una central, ancha y más alta, flanqueada por dos laterales, separadas por columnas. Las iglesias de mayor tamaño pueden tener hasta 5.
Estructura elevada que se coloca sobre el crucero de una iglesia, en la intersección entre la nave principal y el transepto., y cuya función es la distribución del peso de las bóvedas. Suele estar rematado con una cúpula o linterna para permitir la entrada de luz.
Espacio semicircular o triangular situado sobre la puerta de las iglesias románicas, enmarcado por las arquivoltas y sostenido por las jambas. Decorados con relieves escultóricos que representar escenas bíblicas como el Juicio Final o el Cristo en Majestad, con una función didáctica para transmitir la doctrina cristiana.
Pasillo semicircular que rodea el ábside de las iglesias, y cuya función principal es permitir la circulación de los peregrinos sin interrumpir los oficios religiosos en el altar. Suele estar acompañada de capillas radiales para exhibir las reliquias sagradas.
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