The ___ clause is a provision in Article I, section 8, clause 3 of the federal Constitution. It provides that Congress has the power to regulate interstate commerce, commerce with foreign nations, and commerce with Indian tribes.
___ ___ are responsible for prescribing or requiring certain behavior, determining compliance with the law, and prosecuting and occasionally punishing those who violate the law.
One of the constitutional principles or structures designed to keep any group or person in government from getting too powerful. It is the division of governmental powers between the federal government and state governments.
___ federalism is a federal system of government where both the federal and state governments are sovereign with different and occasionally concurrent, jurisdictions.
The ___ government has exclusive power over, among other things, making treaties, regulating naturalization, and regulating immigration and emigration.
The ___ clause found in Article VI of the federal Constitution provides that properly enacted federal laws are superior to all state and local laws.
The ADMINISTRATIVE PROCEDURE ___ is a comprehensive statute governing the procedures that agencies must follow when performing their functions. The federal APA was enacted in 1946.
___ ___ agencies are not involved with the redistribution of money nor do they regulate, instead they provide services to the public. The national science foundation is an example. It promotes research and provides information to the public.
ADMINISTRATIVE ___ is a body of law that defines the powers, limitations, and procedures of administrative agencies.
A declaratory ___ is the administrative equivalent of a judicial declaratory judgment. An agency may issue a declaratory __ to terminate a controversy or remove uncertainty.
An intergovernmental model that describes a relationship between the federal government and state governments that is characterized by close, collaborative relations and a common objective, and a lessened focus on legal jurisdictional boundaries.
A governmental agency operating under either too few or too many ___ can result in an increase in the exercise of discretion.
In INS v. Chadha 462 U.S. 919 (1983) the US Supreme Court held that a law enabling Congress to invalidate an action delegated to an executive agency, through an action of only one ___ of Congress, violates the presentment clause and the requirement of bicameral congressional action and was therefore unconstitutional.
The ___ is the independent federal agency enforcing the National Labor Relations Act, which guarantees the right of most private sector employees to organize, to engage in group efforts to improve their wages and working conditions, to determine whether to have unions as their bargaining representative, to engage in collective bargaining, and to refrain from any of these activities. It acts to prevent and remedy unfair labor practices committed by private sector employers and unions.
The _____ exercises control over federal agencies in that the ___ is the direct head of executive agencies, can recommend to Congress agency reorganizations and amendments to enabling laws, has some authority to establish policy through executive orders and exerted policy oversight, and by appointing agency heads.
___ exercises control over federal agencies in that it has the power to create, disband, and reorganize agencies; it establishes agency budgets; it sets agency policy objectives and governing rules; it engages in oversight through committees; it can reverse or amend agency-created rules and administrative decisions; and it must approve appointment of agency officers.
In the 2024 decision ___ v. Raimondo, the U.S. Supreme Court overruled its 1984 decision in Chevron. Now instead of giving deference to agency interpretations of agency-administered statutes, courts are to give agency interpretations of agency-administered statutes "respectful consideration."
The federal and state governments have ___ jurisdiction over, among other things, taxation and punishing crimes.