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Leg. Research & Writing 2025, Chs. 3-8

Horizontales
Pattern or model ____ instructions are adopted by most states for the courts to use when instructing a ___ on the law.
U.S.C. stands for United States ____, and is the publication where the statutes passed by Congress are found.
A ____ will sometimes refer to legislative history to determine the legislature's intended meaning of a term or phrase used in a law or when or how the law applies.
A case is "on ___" when it is a case that governs or guides the resolution of an issue in a client's case.
The two main _____ obligations to keep in mind when doing legal research are Rule 1.1 of the American Bar Association's Model Rules of Professional Conduct (adopted by most states) requiring that a client be provided competent representation and Rule 1.3 (adopted by most states) requiring that a client must be represented with diligence and promptness.
Court opinion, case, and decision are terms that are used interchangeably to refer to the court's ___ statement explaining its decision in a case.
Decisions of the Indiana ___ Courts are reported in the regional reporter called North Eastern Reporter.
The two national legal ______ are American Jurisprudence Second (Am. Jur. 2d) and Corpus Juris Secundum (CJS).
____ history consists of committee reports, transcripts of hearings, statements of legislators concerning legislation, and any other material published for legislative use regarding the legislation.
Some of the limitations of non-fee-based, or ___ legal resources, is that they may contain information that is not accurate or not up to date.
"_____ authority" is the term that refers to legal research sources that summarize, compile, explain comment on, interpret, or in some other way address the law.
Newly enacted laws are communicated to the public by the US Government Printing Office and are referred to as ________.
A _______ is a written summary identifying the essential components of a court opinion.
The canon of construction known as "intended ____" provides that statutes are to be interpreted in such a way that furthers the intended legislative remedy.
Verticales
The canon of construction known as "expression ____" provides that if a statute contains a list of what is covered, everything else is excluded.
Best practices for keeping electronic research ____ include: 1) keep the scope and objective of your research in mind, 2) do not aimlessly click through the results of websites, 3) keep notes, 4) use the browser history when needed, 5) bookmark useful sites, and 6) never rely solely on non-fee-based resources.
____ of construction are rules and guidelines the courts use when interpreting statutes.
The _____ rule of statutory construction provides that if the meaning of a statute is clear on its face, there is no room for interpretation and a court will not apply any of the canons of construction.
Legal ____ publish in-depth articles on current legal issues, recently emerging areas of the law, or very specific legal topics. Examples of this type of secondary authority include law reviews, bar association journals, other commercial journals that focus on specific areas of the law, and legal newspapers.
The process of consulting a Shepard's source or electronic service such as Shepard's or Keycite in order to determine the current validity of an authority, whether it is still "good law," is called ______.
The American Law Institute created the secondary authority references called ___ of the Law to promote clarification and simplification of the law. There are currently ____ in the following areas of the law: Agency, Conflicts of Law, Contracts, Employment Law, Foreign Relations Law of the United States, Judgments, Law Governing Lawyers, Property, Restitution and Unjust Enrichment, Security, Suretyship and Guaranty, Torts, Trusts, and Unfair Competition.
Secondary authority can be used as ____ authority, but it is not binding or mandatory authority.
Westlaw and Lexis both allow for documents to be located either using plain English (natural language) searches, or by using terms and ____ (Boolean) searches.
Some reasons it is important to know how to research using ____ resources include: (1) there may be an occasion when electronic resources are not available, (2) the organization and elements of the electronic databases are based on the structure of the ___ material.
Statutory ______ directly follow a statute section in an annotated publication of the statute. They are references to various sources of information related to that section of the statute, such as the history of the statute section, official comments, cross-references to other related statutes, references to secondary sources, and notes of court decisions that have discussed the statute.
Laws passed by Congress or state legislatures are called ___.
The Federal Supplement (cited as F.Supp.), and the Federal Supplement Second (cited as F.Supp.2d) are the reporters that contain the decisions of the United States _____ Courts that are designated for publication.
The two most-used, fee-based commercial legal services are Westlaw and LexisNexis. Because they are fee-based and are provided on a contractual basis, they are considered to be more ___ than free resources.
A ____ is a type of secondary authority that provides a comprehensive analysis of a single area of law, such as torts or criminal law.
The Federal Reporter (cited as F.), the Federal Reporter Second (F.2d), and the Federal Reporter Third (F.3d) contain the decisions of the United States Courts of _____ that are designated for publication.