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NERVOUS IMPULSES

Horizontales
When the axon plasma membrane prevents sodium (Na+) and potassium (K+) ions from diffusing across it. This is known as the resting potential.
Made up of myelin (a lipid membrane) (two words).
In the resting state, this type of ion channel maintains the potential difference across the membrane (three words).
When the membrane is more permeable to potassium ions which diffuse out of the neurone down a potassium ion concentration gradient.
Verticales
When the potential difference reaches around 30mV, the sodium ion channels start to close, and potassium ion channels start to open. The membrane is more permeable to potassium ions which diffuse out of the neurone down a potassium ion concentration gradient.
This happens when the stimulus is big enough, the threshold is reached and there will be a rapid change in potential difference, causing the cell membrane to become depolarised and more sodium ion channels to open (two words).
Forms a covering for the axon an acts as an electrical insulator (two words).
Long fibre in a neurone that carries electrical impulses away from the cell body.