Los trastornos en los procesos de producción se han trasladado a los consumidores, en agosto de 2021 en Estados Unidos, el 60% de los encuestados señalaba que en los últimos dos meses no había podido adquirir un producto que deseaba, mientras que un 57% habían experimentado un considerable retraso en la recepción de un producto que habían ordenado.
La participación del comercio de bienes intrarregional (entre países de la misma región) disminuyó del 51% en 2000 al 45% en 2012, pero esta tendencia se ha revertido en los últimos años, con un aumento del 2,7% desde 2013. Estos cambios han dado lugar a la popularización de términos como offshoring (deslocalización) para reducir costos al trasladar la producción al extranjero, y posteriormente, onshoring o reshoring (relocalización) para traer la producción de vuelta al país y reducir la interrupción de las cadenas de suministro.
Proceso mediante el cual ésta desarrolla una parte de sus actividades (venta de sus productos, compra de suministros, producción, etcétera) en otros países distintos al país de origen de la empresa.
1.-Actividad importadora, 2.- exportación, 3.- implantación comercial, 4.-inversión en el exterior, 5.- aprovisionamiento en el exterior, 6.-globalización de la empresa.
Verticales
Aplica a aspectos muy diversos de un país o del mundo en general: además de flujos de tipo económico, comprende también flujos como migraciones, medios de comunicación, cultura, política, estudios y se refiere a la creciente interrelación e integración entre países del mundo en los diferentes ámbitos económicos pero también culturales y sociales.
Alteración de tensiones inflasionistas, implicaciones en la política económica y margen de trastornos en procesos de producción provocados por la pandemia con efectos en el medio y largo plazo.
Estas cadenas son redes de instalaciones productivas y de medios de distribución, situados en diferentes localizaciones geográficas, que tienen como objetivo la fabricación de productos integrando materiales y servicios de diferentes procedencias, con el fin de distribuirlos luego a consumidores situados también en diferentes partes del mundo.
El proceso de internacionalización de una empresa es un desarrollo gradual a lo largo del tiempo, involucra adaptaciones a medida que avanza a través de diversas etapas y afecta directamente a su actividad y funcionamiento. La internacionalización implica que la empresa realice actividades fuera de su país de origen, como la venta de productos, adquisición de insumos, inversión o transferencia de tecnología en mercados extranjeros.
Conseguir una mayor seguridad en los suministros, que muchas empresas estudien una reestructuración de sus cadenas de suministro y reciente importancia de la producción en proximidad.
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