definitive surgical treatment of severe COPD; Limited option due to shortage of donor organs and high cost of procedure and need for costly immunosuppressive medication regimens
a disease of the airways characterized by destruction of the walls of overdistended alveoli
incomplete emptying of alveoli during expiration due to loss of lung tissue elasticity (emphysema), bronchospasm (asthma), or airway obstruction
drugs that selectively and competitively block or antagonize receptors for the production of leukotrienes D4 and E4, components of slow-reacting substance of anaphylaxis (SRSA)
disease state characterized by airflow limitation that is not fully reversible; sometimes referred to as chronic airway obstruction or chronic obstructive lung disease
Short-acting beta2 agonist (SABA); bronchodilator often used as rescue medication; can be given as metered dose inhaler or nebulizer treatment
medication used to facilitate respirations by dilating the airways; helpful in symptomatic relief or prevention of bronchial asthma and bronchospasm associated with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
a disease of the airways defined as the presence of cough and sputum production for at least a combined total of 3 months in each of 2 consecutive years
example leukotriene receptor antagonist medication
Verticales
naturally occurring substances, including caffeine and theophylline, that have a direct effect on the smooth muscle of the respiratory tract, both in the bronchi and in the blood vessels
example inhaled corticosteroid; used to decrease inflammation in airways; often prescribed in conjunction with long-term beta2-agonists for management of COPD
genetic disorder resulting from deficiency of alpha1-antitrypsin, a protective agent for the lung; increases patient’s risk for developing panacinar emphysema even in the absence of smoking
drugs that mimic the effects of the sympathetic nervous system
involves the removal of a portion of the diseased lung parenchyma; reduces hyperinflation and allows the functional tissue to expand, resulting in improved elastic recoil of the lung and improved chest wall and diaphragmatic mechanics
increase in the red blood cell concentration in the blood; in COPD, the body attempts to improve oxygen-carrying capacity by producing increasing amounts of red blood cells
surgical option for select patients with bullous emphysema; may help reduce dyspnea and improve lung function
decrease in oxygen supply to the tissues and cells
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It prints on two pages.
Big puzzles won’t always print on one page — the clues and grid are the smallest we could make them while keeping them readable for everyone.
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