Territorio sometido a la soberanía de la potencia colonizadora y administrado por
ella. Esta fórmula implica un control político por parte de la metrópoli: supone la anexión
territorial y la pérdida de la soberanía del país colonizado.
Proceso de cambio cuyo origen se ubica en Inglaterra, hacia la segunda mitad del siglo XVII. Consistió en la transición de una economía agraria y artesanal a otra caracterizada por la producción mecanizada e industrial, el sistema de fábrica, el uso de máquinas de vapor y otras innovaciones cuyas consecuencias se proyectaron en todos los ámbitos de la vida social.
Forma de organización del trabajo y de la producción ideado por Henry Ford a inicios del siglo XX entre cuyas características destacan la producción en serie o en masa, la generalización del trabajo en cadena (cinta transportadora) y la producción de bienes estandarizados.
Unidad de producción que surgió durante la segunda mitad del siglo XVIII, en Inglaterra, con la Revolución Industrial. Se caracteriza por la concentración de máquinas bajo un mismo techos, las cuales eran operadas por los obreros.
tendencia que sostiene que los valores culturales y sociales de Europa
Occidental consituyen patrones o modelos universales. Tras esta consideración se esconde el
desconocimiento y el desprecio de las demás culturas.
evento histórico que definió el acontecer del siglo XX; devastó el orden político, económico y social de Europa, y su dudosa conclusión sentó las bases y preparó el camino para un escenario aún más destructivo: la Segunda Guerra Mundial.
Proceso de dominación o influencia política y económica que ejerce una potencia sobre regiones de menor o nulo desarrolla material, con el propósito de explotar los recursos naturales, extender sus mercados y fortalecer su hegemonía.
Período de la historia entre 1880 y 1914, donde Europa vive una época de paz, sin conflictos armados, pero no exenta de tensiones y pequeñas crisis, tras la formación de dos bloques antagónicos: la Triple Alianza y la Triple Entente. Tarde o temprano se veía que esta paz se rompería y terminaría en guerra abierta, como estalló en 1914 con la Gran Guerra.
Verticales
Era específico del Imperio británico. Era una colonia de poblamiento a la que se
aplicó un sistema de autogobierno. Los poderes del gobernador estaban limitados por un
gobierno designado por una asamblea elegida por los colonos. Gozaba de completa
autonomía en la política interna, pero la política exterior se decidía en la metrópoli.
Forma de organización del trabajo, ideado por Frederick Wislow Taylor a fines del siglo XIX; se caracteriza por la división de las tareas dentro de una empresa bajo la asignación de roles, tiempos de ejecución, supervisión del trabajo y estímulos a la productividad con el fin de aumentar la productividad y las ganancias.
Es el conjunto de negociaciones en el que se establecen los
criterios que se deben seguir para poder crear un imperio en el África negra. La
conferencia tiene lugar en 1884-1885 y establece: La libertad de comercio y de
navegación en los ríos Níger y Congo.
Política económica que se caracteriza por la defensa del comercio, la
industria y la agricultura de un país frente a la competencia extranjera, mediante la
aplicación o elevación de aranceles, impuestos compensatorios, el control sobre el cambio de divisas, etc.
Periodo marcado por un sentimiento optimista, de expansión del desarrollo, de mejora de las condiciones de vida y salud y una creciente integración de la economía
internacional. Algunos historiadores lo muestran como
un momento de paz en Europa, pero en el que poco a poco se irán conformando conflictos a causa del imperialismo colonial.
En un protectorado la potencia protectora controlaba la política exterior y
las riquezas del país, mientras que las autoridades nativas controlaban la política interior.
soldados indígenas encuadrados dentro del ejército británico
de la India. En 1857 se rebelaron contra la metrópoli.
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