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Chapter 18 - Volcanism

Horizontales
are long cracks in Earth.
describes all the processes associ- ated with the discharge of magma, hot water, and steam.
pluton that forms when magma intrudes parallel rock layers.
broad volcano with gently sloping sides built by nonexplosive eruptions of basaltic lava that accumulates in layers
a tubelike structure that allows lava to reach the surface.
generally cone-shaped with concave slopes; built by violent eruptions of volcanic fragments and lava that accumulate in alternating layers.
irregularly shaped pluton that is similar to a batholith but smaller, generally forms 5–30 km beneath Earth’s surface, and cuts across older rocks.
coarse-grained, irregularly shaped, igneous rock mass that covers at least 100 km2, gen- erally forms 10–30 km below Earth’s surface, and is common in the interior of major mountain chains.
bowl-shaped depression that forms around the central vent at the summit of a volcano.
Verticales
huge amounts of lava that erupt from fissures.
swift-moving, potentially deadly clouds of gas, ash, and other volcanic material produced by a violent eruption.
unusually hot area in Earth’s mantle where high-temperature plumes of mantle material rise toward the surface.
steep-sided, generally small volcano that is built by the accumulation of tephra around the vent.
relatively small, mushroom-shaped pluton that forms when magma intrudes into parallel rock layers close to Earth’s surface.
pluton that cuts across preexisting rocks and often forms when magma invades cracks in surrounding rock bodies.
opening in Earth’s crust through which lava erupts and flows out onto the surface.
rock fragments, classified by size, that are thrown into the air during a volcanic eruption and fall to the ground.
a substance’s internal resistance to flow.
large crater, up to 50 km in diameter, that can form when the summit or side of a volcano collapses into the magma chamber during or after an eruption.