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Neuron Structures and Functions

Horizontales
the central part of the neuron, containing the nucleus and other organelles responsible for the cell's metabolic activities.
a long, thin extension of the neuron that carries electrical signals away from the cell body and towards other neurons or target cells
small structures located at the end of the axon that release chemical messengers (neurotransmitters) into the synaptic cleft to communicate with other neurons or target cells
Verticales
a brief electrical impulse that travels down the axon, causing the release of neurotransmitters at the terminal buttons
specialized extensions of the cell body that receive incoming signals from other neurons and transmit them to the cell body.
a fatty layer that surrounds the axon, providing insulation and increasing the speed of electrical signal transmission