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Judiciary 24, Carp Ch. 7

Horizontales
President Biden has worked to strengthen the legitimacy of the judicial branch by increasing ___ in the federal judiciary.
According to a broad study conducted by the authors of Judicial Process (Carp et al.) and covering the FDR through Trump administrations, the two presidents whose District Court judicial appointees issued the lowest percentage of "liberal" judicial decisions were Presidents Trump and ___.
One of the general factors that determines to what extent a President impacts the federal judiciary ideologically, shaping a judiciary that is sympathetic to the President's political values and attitudes, is the president’s ___ clout, or the president’s relative skill at overcoming any ___ obstacles.
One of the general factors that determines to what extent a President impacts the federal judiciary ideologically, shaping a judiciary that is sympathetic to the President's political values and attitudes, is the ______ the new judges enter, the current philosophical orientations of the sitting district and appellate judges that the new judges are joining.
According to a broad study conducted by the authors of Judicial Process (Carp et al.) and covering the FDR through Trump administrations, the two presidents whose District Court judicial appointees issued the highest percentage of "liberal" judicial decisions were Presidents Carter and ___.
Verticales
One of the general factors that determines to what extent a President impacts the federal judiciary ideologically, shaping a judiciary that is sympathetic to the President's political values and attitudes, is simply the number of ___ to be filled during their administration.
In 2013, during the Obama administration, the Senate Democratic majority party grew frustrated by the obstruction and delay of the Republican minority party in refusing to allow votes on the President's judicial nominees. The majority party changed the Senate rules to allow a cloture vote on District and Appellate Court nominees with a simple majority rather than a 60-member super majority, ending the minority party’s delaying power in the judicial nominee process through the use of the ___. In the next administration, the Republican majority party extended this rule change to Supreme Court nominations when the then-minority party Democrats tried to ____ the nomination of Neil Gorsuch.
One of the general factors that determines to what extent a President impacts the federal judiciary ideologically, shaping a judiciary that is sympathetic to the President's political values and attitudes, is the President's ___ commitment to making ideologically based appointments. In other words, this question is how strong is the president’s ___ will, desire, or commitment to appointing judges who mirror their own political beliefs. (Identifying and discussing all four of these factors that determine whether chief executives obtain a federal judiciary favorable to their political values would be a good potential essay question.)
The Supreme Court seat vacated by Justice Scalia's passing remained empty for fourteen months because the Senate refused to hold any hearings or consider any nominee appointed by President Obama in the last year of his presidency, considered a significant expansion of the informal ___ Rule.
The following are all factors that determine the ___ of appointment opportunities a presidential administration will have 1) --how many judicial vacancies are inherited from the previous administration 2) --how many judges and justices die or retire (attrition) during the president’s term 3) --how long the president serves 4) --whether Congress passes legislation that increases the number of judgeships.