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Cast-Iron Pipe and Fittings

Horizontales
Measurement of the fall of a length of pipe from level. The change in level is expressed in degrees of an angle or distance of fall per foot of run. Also referred to as percent of grade
Fittings that change the direction of flow in piping
A fitting with a main pipe and two branch lines that changes the direction of flow 90 degrees from the horizontal to the vertical. Also called a sanitary cross
Fittings consisting of a main pipe and a 45-degree branch for connecting a waste branch to a horizontal building main drain
Joints formed using a neoprene gasket inserted into the bell end of a hub-and-spigot pipe. The pressure applied between the two joined pipes forces the gasket to compress and fill in any air gaps in the joint
A heavy-duty tool used for cutting cast-iron pipe. Soil pipe cutters can be of the snap or ratchet type
Fittings used to connect two lengths of no-hub cast-iron pipe
A fitting used to mate a water closet to a closet bend or other DWV pipe
Verticales
The length of a pipe that fits into the fitting or other joint when assembling a pipe run. The measurement must be figured into the calculation before cutting a piece of pipe for joining
A drill with a pounding action that lets you drill into concrete, brick, or block. It rotates and hammers at the same time and drills much faster than regular drills
Elbow-like fittings that connect water closets to the main drainage piping
DWV fittings or devices that provide a liquid seal to prevent the emission or escape of sewer gases from the system without materially affecting the flow of sewage or wastewater through the fitting
Fittings with a main pipe and two branches at 45 degrees. These connect horizontal waste pipes and branch drains to the building main
Bends that have an inlet to connect a smaller pipe to the main line or a branch line. The inlet is located at the base of the outside curve or heel of the bend
A kind of cast-iron pipe. Extra-heavy refers to the pipe’s wall thickness, which is thicker than service pipe of the same nominal pipe size
A cast-iron alloy containing magnesium to reduce brittleness
A wrench with a gauge or other means to indicate the amount of rotating force applied to a fastener, such as a nut, as it is turned
Fittings having a radius of the curve greater than those for standard 90-degree bends. Used for a smooth change of direction
A lightweight kind of cast-iron pipe. Service refers to the pipe’s wall thickness, which is thinner for a nominal pipe size compared to extra heavy