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Judiciary 2024, Carp Ch. 1-2

Horizontales
As ___ ___, the Supreme Court is the highest appellate tribunal in the country, with final say in the interpretation of the Constitution, acts of legislative bodies, and treaties.
If in the majority, the Chief Justice ___ the opinion of the Court or assigns it to another justice to be written.
___ arguments of the Supreme Court are usually approximately one hour in length and are open to the general public.
_____ law is enacted by a legislative body (such as Congress, a state legislature, or city council) in written form to address the needs of society.
The US is a ___ litigious society than most, but developing nations are becoming ___ litigious as well.
The ___ ___ advocates at the Constitutional Convention backed the New Jersey Plan, which outlined a federal judiciary with only a Supreme Court, and no inferior federal courts. The only trial courts would be the state courts, with a right of appeal to the federal Supreme Court.
Most delegates at the Constitutional Convention were in agreement that a separate judicial branch was needed, but there was much disagreement over the ___ the judiciary should take.
____ ____ of the this Constitution resolved, for the time being, the conflict between states' rights advocates and nationalists regarding the form the judicial branch would take under the new government.
Hamilton argued in the Federalist #78, that the judiciary, "has no influence over either the sword or the purse" and as such "the judiciary is beyond comparison the ___ of the three departments of power."
___ ___ deals with the relationship that individuals and institutions have with the state as a sovereign entity.
The court with ___ ___ of a particular kind of case is the court that by law has the sole authority to hear that case.
____ law refers to the decisions and regulations made by a government's administrative agencies in carrying out their regulatory duties established by legislation.
Providing order and predictability in society, resolving disputes, protecting individuals and property, providing for the general welfare, and protecting individual liberties are ___ functions of the law. (Be prepared to discuss how the law achieves these functions and how this benefits society.)
US government and essential tenants of our society are in some respects rooted in ____ to the law, as evidenced by the American Revolution, events leading up to the abolition of slavery, and the Civil Rights movement. (Be prepared to discuss.)
The United States ___ Courts are the trial courts in the federal judiciary, with original jurisdiction in most cases.
In the conferences where the Supreme Court justices discuss a case, the Chief Justice presides over the conference and offers an opinion first in each case, then the other justices follow in ___ order of seniority.
Constitutions, acts of legislative bodies, decisions of quasi-legislative and quasi-judicial bodies, orders and rulings of political executives, and judicial decisions are all _____ of law in the United States.
Senate Bill No. 1, which became the Judiciary Act of 1789, set up a federal judicial system with ___ levels.
Although in principle the Court is not designed to be a policymaker, in practice it ___. When there are two or more potential interpretations of a law or application of that law, the judge chooses and that interpretation or application becomes policy.
The term "___ docket" refers to the increasingly frequent practice of the Court to issue "emergency" unsigned orders without explanation of the legal reasoning behind them, nor which justices agree, where an applicant (often the Justice Department) alleges that irreparable harm will result from a lower court decision.
Litigants may appeal lower federal court decisions to the court of appeals of the ___ in which the federal district court is located.
Verticales
In Marbury v. Madison (1803), Chief Justice Marshall asserted the Court’s power under the Constitution to declare an act of Congress ____.
Private ___ deals with the rights and obligations that private individuals and institutions have when they relate to one another.
In Federalist #78, Hamilton argued that the ___ of the federal judges must permanent, because "periodical appointments, however regulated, or by whomsoever made, would, in some way or other, be fatal to their necessary independence."
When the Supreme Court ___ a petition for certiorari, the decision of the lower court stands.
Pursuant to Article III, "[t]he judges, both of the supreme and inferior courts, shall hold their offices during ___ ___, and shall, at stated times, receive for their services, a compensation, which shall not be diminished during their continuance in office."
In Federalist #78, Hamilton stated that the "____ were designed to be an intermediate body between the people and the legislature, in order, among other things, to keep the latter within the limits assigned to their authority", that "interpretation of the laws is the proper and peculiar province of the ___", and that the ____ would decide whether a legislative act is in conflict with the fundamental law of the Constitution.
The Federalist Papers were a series of essays responding to the anti-federalist attacks on the new Constitution that were hitting the New York newspapers right after the Constitution had been signed in Philadelphia on September 17, 1787. The essays were an effort to convince the public that the Constitution should ___ ratified.
Article 1, Section 3 provides that when the Senate tries an impeachment of the President of the United States, the ___ ___ of the Supreme Court shall preside over the trial.
The legislation that the Supreme Court declared unconstitutional in ___ v. Madison was that part of Section 13 of the Judiciary Act of 1789 that granted the Supreme Court the authority to issue Writs of mandamus. The Court struck that portion of the statute down because it granted the Court original jurisdiction in excess of that specified in Article III.
The Judiciary Act of 1789 set up a Supreme court, with a chief justice and five associate justices, three circuit courts, each with ___ of the Supreme Court justices and a district judge, and thirteen district courts, each with its own district judge.
The tradition of following previous decisions of the courts and established points of law, providing regularity and predictability in the law.
A ___ opinion refers to an opinion written by a justice who agrees with the result but not with the Court’s reasoning for reaching that conclusion.
Article III provides: "The judicial power of the United States, shall be vested in one Supreme Court, and in such inferior courts as the ___ may from time to time ordain and establish. "
Court policymaking differs from legislative and executive policymaking in that there is no “self-starting device”, the court must wait for matters to come to them, and the court must depend on others to ___ their decisions.
One of the legacies of Chief Justice Marshall is the Supreme Court's practice of handing down a single official ___.
The nationalists at the Constitutional Convention backed the Virginia Plan, which outlined a judiciary ___ a Supreme Court and inferior federal courts.
The power of the judicial branch to declare___ of the executive and legislative branches unconstitutional is called judicial review.
The primary source of law in the __ is the __ Constitution.
The ______ differs from morals or customs in that a ____ can be enforced by official authority with predictability or regularity.