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Protein Synthesis (Unit 9)

Horizontales
Another name for a point mutation where one base is changed to a different base in the DNA sequence
The most abundant type of RNA. Forms the structure of ribosomes that coordinate the sequential coupling of tRNA molecules to the series of mRNA codons.
Chemically, it is a purine base and pairs with Cytosine
against
A three-dimensional biological polymer constructed from a set of 20 different monomers called amino acids
change
The synthesis of a polypeptide using the genetic information encoded in an mRNA molecule
Mutation occurring when the number of nucleotides inserted or deleted is not a multiple of 3, thus resulting in improper grouping into codons
Coding region of a eukaryotic gene that is expressed. Exons are separated from each other by introns
A discrete unit of hereditary information consisting of a specific nucleotide sequence in DNA (or RNA, in some viruses)
A component of nucleic acids. Chemically, it is a purine base, binds with Thyamine/Uracil
Chemically, it is a pyrimidine base, but is only found in RNA molecules instead of thymine
Enzyme that links together the growing chain of ribonucleotides during transcription
A mutation involving the addition of one or more nucleotide pairs to a gene
The two-step process, transcription and translation, by which the information in genes flows into proteins: DNA → RNA → protein
Verticales
Order of the nitrogenous bases in a given piece of DNA
An RNA molecule that functions as an interpreter between nucleic acid and protein language by picking up specific amino acids and recognizing the appropriate codons in the mRNA
across
A haploid egg or sperm cell; gametes unite during sexual reproduction to produce a diploid zygote
Change in a gene at a single nucleotide pair.
Chemically, it is a pyrimidine base, but is only found in DNA. It is replaced in RNA molecule with Uracil
An organic molecule possessing both carboxyl and amino groups
The covalent bond between two amino acid units, formed by condensation synthesis
A rare change in the DNA of genes that ultimately creates genetic diversity
Structural/functional divergence of cells as they become specialized during a multicellular organism's development; dependent on the control of gene expression
Specialized base triplet on one end of a tRNA molecule that recognizes a particular complementary codon on an mRNA molecule
Component of nucleic acids that carries hereditary information in DNA and RNA in cells. Chemically, it is a pyrimidine base and pairs with guanine.
Noncoding, intervening sequence within a eukaryotic gene
Type of RNA synthesized from DNA in the genetic material that attaches to ribosomes in the cytoplasm and specifies the primary structure of a protein
Three-nucleotide sequence of DNA or mRNA that specifies a particular amino acid or termination signal; the basic unit of the genetic code