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Forensic Unit 3 Review Fingerprints

Horizontales
reacts with chloride to form silver chloride, a material which turns gray when exposed to light.
rolling inked prints, primary identification number
A loop must have one or more ridges entering and exiting from the same side. Loops must have one delta. Types Radial—opens toward the thumb Ulnar—opens toward the “pinky” (little finger)
A plain or central pocket whorl has at least one ridge that makes a complete circuit. A double loop is made of two loops. An accidental is a pattern not covered by other categories. Whorls have at least two deltas and a core. Types Plain, Central Pocket, Double Loop Accidental
Palm, lip, teeth, eye, ear, voice, shoe and footprints
“super glue” fumes react with water and other fingerprint constituents to form a hard, whitish deposit.
Verticales
characteristics of ridge patterns
Black, white and fluorescent powder Chemicals—ninhydrin, iodine, silver nitrate, cyanoacrylate
The Henry—FBI Classification Each finger is given a point value rt( from pinky to thumb): 4,8,8,16,16 lf (from thumb to pinky): 4,2,2,1,1
Latent fingerprints are those that are not visible to the naked eye. These prints consist of the natural secretions of human skin and require development for them to become visible.
reacts with amino acids to produce a purple color.
Ridge ending Short ridge Dot or fragment Bifurcation Double bifurcation Trifurcation Bridge Island Enclosure Spur + drawings
A fingerprint is an individual characteristic. A fingerprint will remain unchanged during an individual’s lifetime. Fingerprints have general characteristic ridge patterns that permit them to be systematically classified.
Eccrine—largely water with both inorganic (ammonia, chlorides, metal ions, phosphates) and organic compounds (amino acids, lactic acids, urea, sugars). Most important for fingerprints. Apocrine—secrete pheromones and other organic materials. Sebaceous—secrete fatty or greasy substances.
Study for Fingerprints: William Herschel—required Indians to put their fingerprints on contracts, and also as a means of identifying prisoners Henry Faulds—claimed that fingerprints did not change over time and that they could be classified for identification Alphonse Bertillon—proposed body measurements as a means of identification; termed anthropometry Francis Galton—developed a primary classification scheme based on loops, arches and whorls. Edward Richard Henry—in collaboration with Galton instituted a numerical classification system Juan Vucetich—developed a fingerprint classification based on Galton’s that is used in Spanish-speaking countries
An arch has friction ridges that enter on one side of the finger and cross to the other side while rising upward in the middle. They do NOT have type lines, deltas, or cores. Types-Plain Tented