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Forensic Unit 3 Review Fibers pt1

Horizontales
uses polarizing light and comparison microscopes
The yarn interlacing is not uniform Creates long floats Interlacing weave passes over four or more yarns Satin is the most obvious example
most durable of man-made fibers; extremely light weight
a process for separating components of a mixture
Silk, Cotton, Wool, Mohair, Cashmere
Natural—animal, vegetable or inorganic Artificial --synthesized or created from altered natural sources
Yarn, Warp, Weft and Blend
Fabrics are composed of individual threads or yarns, made of fibers, that are knitted, woven, bonded, crocheted, felted, knotted or laminated. Most are either woven or knitted. The degree of stretch, absorbency, water repellence, softness and durability are all individual qualities of the different fabrics.
Knitted fabrics are made by interlocking loops into a specific arrangement. It may be one continuous thread or a combination. Either way, the yarn is formed into successive rows of loops and then drawn through another series of loops to make the fabric.
a fabric made up of two or more different types of fiber.
Wool and Silk
a continuous strand of fibers or filaments, either twisted or not
Bag clothing items individually in paper bags. Make sure that different items are not placed on the same surface before being bagged. Make tape lifts of exposed skin areas of bodies and any inanimate objects Removed fibers should be folded into a small sheet of paper and stored in a paper bag.
solubility and decomposition
extreme elastic properties
(Made from derivatives of petroleum, coal and natural gas) Nylon Polyester, Acrylic and Spandex.
Verticales
Are considered class evidence Have probative value Are common trace evidence at a crime scene Can be characterized based on comparison of both physical and chemical properties
chemically-altered cellulose; soft, lustrous, versatile
Asbestos, Rock Wall and Fiberglass
animal fiber coming most often from sheep, but may be goat (mohair), rabbit (angora), camel, alpaca, llama, vicuna
Cotton, Rayon and Cellulose acetate
vegetable fiber; strong, tough, flexible, moisture absorbent, not shape retentive
Cross-wire yarn
a manufactured inorganic fiber
Synthetic fibers are forced out of a nozzle when they are hot, and then they are woven. The holes of the nozzle are not necessarily round; therefore, the fiber filament may have a unique shape in cross-section. + drawing
Drawing
used for comparing fibers as well as spotting fibers for collection
mass of object divided by the volume of the object
(PGC-MS)—burns a sample under controlled conditions, separates and analyzes each combustion product
Lengthwise yarn
The simplest and most common weave pattern The warp and weft yarns pass under each other alternately Design resembles a checkerboard
Components that make up dyes can be separated and matched to an unknown. There are more than 7000 different dye formulations. Chromatography is used to separate dyes for comparative analysis. The way a fabric accepts a particular dye may also be used to identify and compare samples.