La facultad humana que mezcla ideas de nuestra mente (unicornio: cuerno y caballo) para crear ficciones, ideas que no derivan totalmente de la experiencia.
Hume manifiesta que «es evidente que hay un principio de conexión entre los diferentes pensamientos o ideas de la mente, y que en su aparición a la memoria o imaginación se introducen unos a otros con cierto método y regularidad». De hecho, hay no uno, sino varios principios de conexión, de los cuales tres son predominantes: la semejanza, la contigüidad (en el tiempo o espacio) y la causa y efecto.
Hume llega a la conclusión de que afirmamos que un elemento es causa de otro cuando observamos dos fenómenos (causa y efecto) contiguos en el que uno precede a otro temporalmente. Cuando esta observación se repite en el tiempo, y vemos repetidamente que un fenómeno sigue al otro, establecemos una conexión necesaria entre ellos, de tal forma que —pensamos— si volviéramos a percibir la causa esperaríamos percibir el efecto.
Es una corriente filosófica que se desarrolló en la época moderna y que tuvo como primera figura fundamental a John Locke. Esta corriente colocó a la experiencia como fuente de todo conocimiento.
Verticales
ES un fenómeno psicológico, es decir, a medida que vemos que dos fenómenos van relacionados uno detrás de otro, nuestra mente, y por hábito, empieza a establecer que uno es causa del otro. Así, nuestra mente empieza a pensar que es probable que si pasa uno, entonces pase el otro. Esta probabilidad que augura nuestra mente continúa en nuestro entendimiento hasta que, después de varias sucesiones, nuestra mente da el paso a la necesidad: sin uno no hay otro, si toco el fuego, siempre me quemaré.
Consiste en pasar del ser al deber ser. Este paso en los razonamientos, que puede parecer legítimo, no está justificado en sí mismo, como denunció Hume. Es decir, no se puede deducir la moral de la realidad.
Las copias de las impresiones de los sentidos y, por tanto, la experiencia es fuente de todo conocimiento.
Inferimos que la llama es efecto del fuego cuando asociamos mediante semejanza la impresión de la llama con ideas de llamas que hemos visto en el pasado y que hemos relacionado mediante contigüidad con la idea del fuego. La conexión causal es, pues, una inferencia fundada en la repetición; ésta engendra la «costumbre», la cual produce la __.
Las percepciones de los sentidos (como cuando miramos un vestido rojo).
Los sentimientos pueden vivirse y de los cuales tenemos experiencia. El bien para Hume no es otra cosa que el sentimiento de aprobación que sentimos hacia las acciones de los demás. En otras palabras, decir que algo es bueno equivaldría a decir que esa acción nos agrada.
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