An investigation in which 10 persons are each observed for 4 consecutive years generates the same number of person-years as two people who are observed for _________ years each.
In calculating a life table to quantify prognosis, persons for whom data are not available for the full period of follow-up are called withdrawals or _______ to follow-up.
The acronym DALY in epidemiology stands for '_________-adjusted life year' and is used to assess a population's burden of disease.
To express prognosis in median survival time, only ____ of the deaths of the group under observation would need to be observed.
For a disease such as pancreatic cancer that has high case- fatality and a short ________ , incidence rates and prevalence rates will be similar.
In early 1993 [Fig. 4.23], a new definition of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) was introduced, and this change in AIDS' case definition resulted in a rapid rise in the # of ____________ cases.
A _________ sign is a specifically characteristic sign whose presence means that a particular disease is present beyond any doubt.
Regarding the choice of a high or a low cutoff level for a screening test, a false ___________ screening test result may result in serious disease being missed at an early treatable stage.
Regarding causes of disease burden in low-versus high-income countries, ischemic heart disease is predominant in high-income countries in contrast to the predominance of lower _____________ infections in low-income countries.
The _____________, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) program is an authoritative
source of information on cancer incidence and mortality in the U.S. SEER
collects and publishes cancer data from a set of 17 population-based regional
cancer registries located throughout the U.S. Data on all diagnosed cancer cases in the geographical area for a cancer registry
are compiled each year and submitted to SEER.
True or False: For a disease such as pancreatic cancer that is highly fatal and of short duration, incidence rates and prevalence rates will be unrelated to mortality rates.
Among a total population of 120 Laborador-Retriever (LR K-9s) rescue dogs, who worked at the collapsed World Trade Centers (WTC) in 2001 and were alive on Jan. 1, 2004, 80 deaths due to their work at the WTC occurred between Jan. 1, 2004, and midnight Dec. 31, 2004.
These included 60 deaths among the 120 LR dogs with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The annual mortality rate in 2004 and the case-fatality rate from COPD in 2004 was, respectively, 66.7% and _______ percent.
Regarding diagnostic ad screening tests, a '_________ standard' is 'an external source of truth.'