Among workers in a fish processing plant, 30% of all deaths were due o myocardial infarction (MI). Among workers in a brewery 10% of all deaths were due to MI. Concluding that workers in the fish processing plant had a greater risk of death due to MI than workers in the brewery may be incorrect because it is based on ___________ mortality.
The __________ survival time is defined as the length of time that half of the study population survives.
Regarding causes of disease burden in low-versus high-income countries, ischemic heart disease is predominant in high-income countries in contrast to the predominance of lower _____________ infections in low-income countries.
Regarding diagnostic ad screening tests, a '_________ standard' is 'an external source of truth.'
Will a disease's 'apparent survival rate' increase or decrease if a new diagnostic that will detect the disease four years earlier than it is usually detected is introduced and used?
True or False: Regarding screening, as the % of individuals testing negative (among all the disease-free individuals) increases, the predictive value of a negative test decreases.
An investigation in which 10 persons are each observed for 4 consecutive years generates the same number of person-years as two people who are observed for _________ years each.
To compare the survival of a group of individuals with a specific disease, the ____________ survival is the ratio of observed survival to the expected survival.
A synonym for 'repeatability' of a screening test is '___________' of a screening test.
The percent of false positives is the __________ of specificity.
When deciding whether a screening test value is normal versus abnormal, usually there is a "_________ zone" of the distributions that is comprised of screening test results in which there is less certainty about the result because it 'falls' in the overlapping area of the 'normal' and 'abnormal' curves.
On a death certificate, the 'final disease or condition resulting in death' is called the _____________ cause of death.
Among a total population of 120 Laborador-Retriever (LR K-9s) rescue dogs, who worked at the collapsed World Trade Centers (WTC) in 2001 and were alive on Jan. 1, 2004, 80 deaths due to their work at the WTC occurred between Jan. 1, 2004, and midnight Dec. 31, 2004.
These included 60 deaths among the 120 LR dogs with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The annual mortality rate in 2004 and the case-fatality rate from COPD in 2004 was, respectively, 66.7% and _______ percent.
Case-fatality not only is a measure of the severity of a disease, but also can be used to measure any benefits of a new therapy, e.g., as therapy improves, case-fatality would be expected to ___________.
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