If a factor is a cause of a disease, we would expect the ________ of disease to decline when exposure to the factor is either reduced or eliminated.
___________ is a type of mutation involving the loss of genetic material.
A ___________ trait is one whose phenotype is influenced by more than one gene.
The plural of locus is ________.
A problem posed in many epidemiologic studies is that we observe a true association and are tempted to suggest a causal inference when in fact, the relationship may not be causal.
Bias in abstracting records, bias in interviewing, bias from surrogate interviews, surveillance bias, recall bias and reporting bias are different types of ___________ bias.
In November 1989, the dramatic reductions in #s of cases of eosinophilia-myalgia syndrome (EMS) following the nationwide recall by the US FDA of over-the-counter preparations of L-tryptophan was an example of the 'guideline for judging whether an observed association is causal' called '_________ of exposure.'
Matching is an approach to confounding that is used in the ________ phase of a study.
True of false:
Although Koch's postulates are useful for both infectious and noninfectious diseases.
Regarding 'causal inference' and evidence that suggests Helicobacter pylori is a causative agent of duodenal ulcers, the finding that "approximately 11% of chronic gastritis patients will go on to have duodenal ulcers over a 10-year period" provides evidence of a _________ relationship.
Any systematic error in the design, conduct, or analysis of a study that results in a mistaken estimate of an exposure's effect on the risk of disease.
"Interaction" occurs "when the incidence rate of disease in the presence of two or more risk factors differs from the incidence rate expected to result from their individual effects," and, when the effect is greater than expected, the interaction is called "synergistic" or "___________."
Randomized __________ are considered to be the 'gold standard' in epidemiologic studies.
Where is my puzzle?